[TASK] Extend testing range to PHP8.2 with more dbms versions

doctrine/dbal 2.x version has reached EOL, which means that
there will be no new version in this version range. Sadly,
doctrine/dbal triggers a deprecation warning in PHP8.2 which
will not be fixed upstream.

Raising that dependency is out of the scope for TYPO3 v11. This
issue is mitigated by adding the well-known composer dependency
`cweagans/composer-patches` as dev dependency. Additionally, a
corresponding composer patch targeting the PHP8.2 variable
interpolation deprecation warning is applied in CI for testing
purpose.

UpgradeCest acceptance tests is adjusted to execute some steps
only for appropriate dbms/drivers, as they are not targeting the
newer versions.

This change:
* Adds composer patcher `cweagans/composer-patches`
* Adds composer patch for doctrine/dbal variable
  interpolation issue in postgres platform class
* re-arranging pre-merge and nightly tests
* Ensures to execute some acceptance and functional
  tests against MariaDB 10.6 (LTS)
* Adds a little workaround (ignore-platform-reqs)
  for composer install min and max with PHP8.2 in
  `Build/Scripts/runTests.sh` and docker-compose.yml

Used command(s):

> composer2-74 config --no-plugins --no-interaction \
    allow-plugins.cweagans/composer-patches true
> composer2-74 config --no-plugins --no-interaction \
    extra.composer-exit-on-patch-failure true
> composer2-74 config --no-plugins --no-interaction \
    extra.patches-file "Build/patches/patches.json"
> composer2-74 require --dev \
    "cweagans/composer-patches":"^1.7.1"

Resolves: #99173
Releases: 11.5
Change-Id: If7abd9e66c409c5417343658fe789ee38b35f082
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/76011


Reviewed-by: Nikita Hovratov <nikita.h@live.de>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Bürk <stefan@buerk.tech>
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Tested-by: Nikita Hovratov <nikita.h@live.de>
Tested-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>
Reviewed-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>
Tested-by: Stefan Bürk <stefan@buerk.tech>