[TASK] Upgrade TypeScript to 5.0

TypeScript 5.0 has been release a few days ago and brings promising
features, see [1]. This patch therefore updates TypeScript to 5.0
with the following commands executed:

    yarn add --dev typescript@~5.0.0
    yarn build

[1] https://devblogs.microsoft.com/typescript/announcing-typescript-5-0/

Resolves: #100209
Releases: main, 11.5
Change-Id: I19df4f073f3cdeeed2023b57cad647c5a53638a0
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/78156


Tested-by: Andreas Fernandez <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Fernandez <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>