[TASK] Update various low-level PHP dependencies

Various dependencies which have released
major versions (to be compatible to further
upstream packages) are now raised:

* doctrine/annotations (allowing both 1.13 + 2)
* doctrine/event-manager (For DBAL v4 compatibility)
* doctrine/lexer (v2 + v3 instead of v1)
* egulias/email-validator (4.0) using lexer

Core `TYPO3\CMS\Core\Database\Schema\Parser\Parser`
has got proper native types and return types to
match deprecated array access on tokens returned
by raised `doctrine/lexer` - which is used internal.
That solved some phpstan ignore patterns as side-change.

Used commands:
* composer req "doctrine/annotations:^1.13.3 || ^2.0" "doctrine/event-manager:^2.0" "doctrine/lexer:^2.0 || ^3.0" "egulias/email-validator:^4.0" -W
* composer req "doctrine/annotations:^1.13.3 || ^2.0" "doctrine/event-manager:^2.0" "doctrine/lexer:^2.0 || ^3.0" "egulias/email-validator:^4.0" -W -d typo3/sysext/core --no-update
* Build/Scripts/runTests.sh -s phpstanGenerateBaseline

Resolves: #99832
Releases: main
Change-Id: I8acc42933014f5d6711f2a6442499d7070a68a0b
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/77704


Reviewed-by: Stefan Bürk <stefan@buerk.tech>
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Tested-by: Jochen <rothjochen@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jochen <rothjochen@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Stefan Bürk <stefan@buerk.tech>