[BUGFIX] Add PHP8 compatibility to phpdocumentor packages

TYPO3 already ships with latest versions for our
phpdocumentor dependencies, but in order to run
our test suite, the dependency suite is bumped
to use the latest versions that are compatible
with PHP 7.2 - PHP 8.0.

Used composer commands:
- composer require "phpdocumentor/reflection-docblock:^5.2" \
    "phpdocumentor/type-resolver:^1.3" -W
- composer require "phpdocumentor/reflection-docblock:^5.2" \
    "phpdocumentor/type-resolver:^1.3" \
     --no-update -d typo3/sysext/extbase

Resolves: #93563
Releases: master, 10.4
Change-Id: Id321ad8d7659dab21b176793e7bde571716d8313
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/68032


Tested-by: TYPO3com <noreply@typo3.com>
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Tested-by: Georg Ringer <georg.ringer@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Daniel Goerz <daniel.goerz@posteo.de>
Reviewed-by: Georg Ringer <georg.ringer@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Goerz <daniel.goerz@posteo.de>