[BUGFIX] Page tree request in a workspaces times out

Tryign to determine workspace versions for a particular database table
results in a very long process execution time and possible timeout due
to the following reasons:

* in general a bug was introduced during the Doctrine DBAL migration
  which leads to misbehaviors in resolving versions for pages
* the SQL query implicitly creates an INNER JOIN with a huge result
  set that takes a long query time
* invalid types leading to possible flaws when using prepared statements

The SQL query has been split into using sub-queries now.

Change-Id: I4e4f69815bd73f0562f7ffbd6d411b417be7a18a
Resolves: #80898
Releases: master, 8.7
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/52506


Tested-by: TYPO3com <no-reply@typo3.com>
Reviewed-by: Xavier Perseguers <xavier@typo3.org>
Tested-by: Xavier Perseguers <xavier@typo3.org>
Reviewed-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>
Tested-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>