[TASK] Update TypeScript to 5.5

This commit updates TypeScript to 5.5, along with its related friends.

Executed commands:

    npm install --save-dev \
        @typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin@^7.13.1 \
        @typescript-eslint/parser@^7.13.1 \
        @typescript-eslint/typescript-estree@^7.13.1 \
        typescript@^5.5.2
    npm run build

Resolves: #104189
Releases: main, 12.4
Change-Id: Ic2b66c65485845ae62371228f6f8b62c8a320172
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/84878


Tested-by: Andreas Kienast <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Kienast <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>