Major version upgrade from v4. Unblocks phpunit 11.
Adapt various Build/ scripts and the extension scanner.

> composer req nikic/php-parser:^5.0.1
> composer req nikic/php-parser:^5.0.1 -d typo3/sysext/install --no-update

Change-Id: I6fb3f874a4d8af951a74a8287afe798e29bbe3a2
Resolves: #103206
Releases: main
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/83139


Reviewed-by: Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Bürk <stefan@buerk.tech>
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Tested-by: Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org>
Tested-by: Stefan Bürk <stefan@buerk.tech>
Tested-by: Oliver Klee <typo3-coding@oliverklee.de>
Reviewed-by: Oliver Klee <typo3-coding@oliverklee.de>