[TASK] Rewrite the redirect handler as PSR-15 HTTP middleware

The code is restructured to clearly distinct between aborting
the middleware chain – returning an own response – and forwarding
the request to the next middleware/request handler.

Change-Id: I51d88b9f9fae8d2aafca343da1e67bf60182d765
Releases: master
Resolves: #83727
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/55539


Tested-by: TYPO3com <no-reply@typo3.com>
Reviewed-by: Susanne Moog <susanne.moog@typo3.org>
Tested-by: Susanne Moog <susanne.moog@typo3.org>
Reviewed-by: Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org>
Tested-by: Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org>