[FOLLOWUP][TASK] Add meaningful exceptions to new locking API

This adds dedicated exceptions to the new locking API which
vastly simplifies usage workflows.

Since the new API was not yet released, this is a non-breaking
change.

Resolves: #66411
Related: #47712
Releases: master
Change-Id: Iae44eaa121562469b64222f5837f7a48e6d9fc14
Reviewed-on: http://review.typo3.org/38683


Reviewed-by: Markus Klein <klein.t3@reelworx.at>
Tested-by: Markus Klein <klein.t3@reelworx.at>
Reviewed-by: Jigal van Hemert <jigal.van.hemert@typo3.org>
Tested-by: Jigal van Hemert <jigal.van.hemert@typo3.org>