[BUGFIX] Prepare `allowed` and `disallowed` in more deeply nested TCA

TCA for usage of `sys_file` may configure their allowed extensions by an
array (e.g. EXT:bootstrap_package, "Media" content element) which failed
as the Element Browser took only strings into account.

The class `TcaPreparation` now takes `columnsOverrides` and their
respective `overrideChildTca` configuration into account.

Resolves: #103316
Releases: main, 12.4
Change-Id: Ie173a0e007ab44bcb9f090a5b7ae8b7eedd9d45a
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/83296


Reviewed-by: Garvin Hicking <gh@faktor-e.de>
Reviewed-by: Nikita Hovratov <nikita.h@live.de>
Tested-by: Garvin Hicking <gh@faktor-e.de>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Kienast <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>
Tested-by: Nikita Hovratov <nikita.h@live.de>
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Tested-by: Andreas Kienast <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>