[TASK] Update `typescript` and friends

This commit updates `typescript` and its `eslint` and `terser` friend
packages to their respective latest version.

Executed commands:

    npm install --save-dev \
        @typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin@^6.18.0 \
        @typescript-eslint/parser@^6.18.0 \
        @typescript-eslint/typescript-estree@^6.18.0 \
        eslint@^8.56.0 \
        grunt-eslint@^24.3.0 \
        terser@^5.26.0 \
        typescript@^5.3.3
    npm run build

Resolves: #102788
Releases: main, 12.4
Change-Id: I18132539bbe088f7c6025e0a461649244b0641e8
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/82407


Tested-by: Stefan Bürk <stefan@buerk.tech>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Bürk <stefan@buerk.tech>
Reviewed-by: Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org>
Tested-by: Andreas Kienast <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Kienast <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Tested-by: Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org>