[BUGFIX] Allow Resources/Public within asset paths

"Resources/Public" may occur also within an
asset path. Path detection code must therefore
only check for its first occurrence.

Resolves: #101701
Releases: main, 12.4
Change-Id: I8e0b62f5164593e472113ea8d294593e93abfe6c
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/84181


Tested-by: Benjamin Franzke <ben@bnf.dev>
Reviewed-by: Kevin Appelt <kevin.appelt@icloud.com>
Reviewed-by: Benjamin Franzke <ben@bnf.dev>
Reviewed-by: Garvin Hicking <gh@faktor-e.de>
Tested-by: Garvin Hicking <gh@faktor-e.de>
Tested-by: Josef Glatz <typo3@josefglatz.at>
Reviewed-by: Josef Glatz <typo3@josefglatz.at>
Tested-by: Willi Wehmeier <wwwehmeier@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Willi Wehmeier <wwwehmeier@gmail.com>
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>