[TASK] Upgrade to Symfony 6.4 (LTS)

This commit updates all Symfony components to version 6.4, as 6.3 ran
out of support. Symfony 6.4 also marks an LTS release.
Please see the upgrade document at [1].

Executed command:

    composer require \
        symfony/config:^6.4 \
        symfony/console:^6.4 \
        symfony/dependency-injection:^6.4 \
        symfony/doctrine-messenger:^6.4 \
        symfony/expression-language:^6.4 \
        symfony/filesystem:^6.4 \
        symfony/finder:^6.4 \
        symfony/http-foundation:^6.4 \
        symfony/mailer:^6.4 \
        symfony/messenger:^6.4 \
        symfony/mime:^6.4 \
        symfony/options-resolver:^6.4 \
        symfony/property-access:^6.4 \
        symfony/property-info:^6.4 \
        symfony/rate-limiter:^6.4 \
        symfony/routing:^6.4 \
        symfony/uid:^6.4 \
        symfony/var-dumper:^6.4 \
        symfony/yaml:^6.4 \
        -W

    composer require --dev \
        symfony/translation:^6.4 \
        -W

[1]: https://github.com/symfony/symfony/blob/6.4/UPGRADE-6.4.md

Resolves: #102552
Releases: main, 12.4
Change-Id: I01f8fcedff74eac49a6901651b36584272f93b82
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/82032


Tested-by: Oliver Klee <typo3-coding@oliverklee.de>
Tested-by: Andreas Kienast <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Kienast <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Reviewed-by: Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org>
Reviewed-by: Oliver Klee <typo3-coding@oliverklee.de>
Tested-by: Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org>