[BUGFIX] Fix wrong usage of $callback in ArrayUtility::filterRecursive

Change closure call of callable-typed $callback in
\TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\ArrayUtility::filterRecursive to call_user_func().
Add test to ArrayUtilityTest to verify the correct behaviour.

Resolves: #84485
Releases: master
Change-Id: If3e2362fc7393634032f93a4f6e89e27bb5b7fc9
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/56368


Tested-by: TYPO3com <no-reply@typo3.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Goerz <ervaude@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Steffen Frese <steffenf14@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Opitz <opitz.alexander@googlemail.com>
Tested-by: Alexander Opitz <opitz.alexander@googlemail.com>
Reviewed-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>
Tested-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>
Reviewed-by: Frank Naegler <frank.naegler@typo3.org>
Tested-by: Frank Naegler <frank.naegler@typo3.org>