[TASK] Update Symfony components to 6.3

This commit updates all Symfony components to version 6.3, as 6.2 ran
out of support.
Please see the upgrade document at [1].

Executed command:

    composer require \
        symfony/config:^6.3 \
        symfony/console:^6.3 \
        symfony/dependency-injection:^6.3 \
        symfony/doctrine-messenger:^6.3 \
        symfony/expression-language:^6.3 \
        symfony/filesystem:^6.3 \
        symfony/finder:^6.3 \
        symfony/http-foundation:^6.3 \
        symfony/mailer:^6.3 \
        symfony/messenger:^6.3 \
        symfony/mime:^6.3 \
        symfony/options-resolver:^6.3 \
        symfony/property-access:^6.3 \
        symfony/property-info:^6.3 \
        symfony/rate-limiter:^6.3 \
        symfony/routing:^6.3 \
        symfony/uid:^6.3 \
        symfony/yaml:^6.3 \
        -W

[1]: https://github.com/symfony/symfony/blob/6.3/UPGRADE-6.3.md

Resolves: #102043
Releases: main, 12.4
Change-Id: Ia306d0ad34cc3fdb72a51259464491dc64fbdbc3
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/81257


Tested-by: Stefan Bürk <stefan@buerk.tech>
Tested-by: Benjamin Franzke <ben@bnf.dev>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Fernandez <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Bürk <stefan@buerk.tech>
Reviewed-by: Benjamin Franzke <ben@bnf.dev>
Tested-by: Andreas Fernandez <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>