[!!!][TASK] Cleanup and harden Extbase Request

The Extbase Request has been turned into a
PSR-7 decorator in v11. Most interface changes
have not been enforced in v11 though, since that
would have been breaking at this point in the
release cycle.

With v12, we can now activate the RequestInterface
changes. The patch does this, and migrates the "setX()"
that violate PSR-7 request immutability towards
their 'withX()' counterparts which create new
objects.

The patch adds quite a bit of syntactic sugar to
consuming classes: core phpstan is significantly more
happy and extbase extension devs benefit from
improved type hints and interface coverage.

Change-Id: I111be724fd4e5d6dc9b1305efa31b7c90952730e
Resolves: #98370
Related: #94428
Releases: main
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/75749


Tested-by: Lina Wolf <112@linawolf.de>
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Tested-by: Stefan Bürk <stefan@buerk.tech>
Tested-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>
Reviewed-by: Lina Wolf <112@linawolf.de>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Bürk <stefan@buerk.tech>
Reviewed-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>