[TASK] Update PHP dependencies

This change updates the main TYPO3 code base
vendor/ directory to lock to latest packages
from our main dependencies, ready for the next
v12.x release, so the "non-composer mode"
has various updated dependencies shipped.

Used commands:
  composer update "symfony/*" "doctrine/*" -W

Resolves: #100322
Releases: main, 11.5
Change-Id: Ib483549b89115132ece28686e0f0dc5463a052a1
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/78327


Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Reviewed-by: Oliver Klee <typo3-coding@oliverklee.de>
Tested-by: Oliver Klee <typo3-coding@oliverklee.de>
Reviewed-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>
Tested-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>