[!!!][TASK] Set PHP 8.2 as minimum required version

TYPO3 v13 will require PHP 8.2 as minimum
PHP version to be used.

Used commands:
> composer config platform.php 8.2.0
> composer req "php:^8.2" --no-update
> composer update --lock

Resolves: #102779
Releases: main
Change-Id: I4765cd4421ad3d6311f8e2a2411e15725ca45de8
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/82371


Reviewed-by: Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org>
Reviewed-by: Oliver Klee <typo3-coding@oliverklee.de>
Reviewed-by: Benjamin Franzke <ben@bnf.dev>
Tested-by: Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org>
Tested-by: Benjamin Franzke <ben@bnf.dev>
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Bürk <stefan@buerk.tech>
Tested-by: Oliver Klee <typo3-coding@oliverklee.de>
Tested-by: Stefan Bürk <stefan@buerk.tech>