[TASK] Use composed `URL` in `@typo3/backend/tree/page-browser`

The module `@typo3/backend/tree/page-browser` used to modify a string
representing an URL by appending arguments to a query string. The code
is now modified to use a proper `URL` object, which is considered more
safe for such tasks.

Resolves: #103313
Releases: main, 12.4
Change-Id: I39c2c99a348aa338efc7724e96c732e65693343e
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/83270


Tested-by: Andreas Nedbal <andy@pixelde.su>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Kienast <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Nedbal <andy@pixelde.su>
Tested-by: Andreas Kienast <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>
Tested-by: Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org>
Reviewed-by: Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org>
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>