[BUGFIX] Ensure tables already processed are skipped when resuming upgrade

Change-Id: I991a9cbae2685abbcc606ce39d9f8395574491d1
Resolves: #81067
Releases: master, 8.7
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/52654


Tested-by: TYPO3com <no-reply@typo3.com>
Reviewed-by: Wouter Wolters <typo3@wouterwolters.nl>
Tested-by: Wouter Wolters <typo3@wouterwolters.nl>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Goerz <ervaude@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Daniel Goerz <ervaude@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Xavier Perseguers <xavier@typo3.org>
Tested-by: Xavier Perseguers <xavier@typo3.org>