[!!!][FEATURE] Add PSR-14 Event to modify link resolving result data

This introduces the new PSR-14
`AfterLinkResolvedByStringRepresentationEvent`, enabling extension
authors to modify the resolved link result data.

The event is dispatched by `LinkService->resolveByStringRepresentation()`
after existing handlers have been executed.

Therefore, in contrast to the previously available hook
`$GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SC_OPTIONS']['Link']['resolveByStringRepresentation']`
does the new event allow to even modify the resolved link
result data of the existing handlers and also cases where
the `UnknownLinkHandlerException` would have been thrown.

The corresponding exception is also added to the event
to provide as much information as possible.

Resolves: #102855
Releases: main
Change-Id: I3e702e3540c510dc4d03f5cc710dc204a505e9ed
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/82506


Reviewed-by: Andreas Kienast <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>
Tested-by: Oliver Bartsch <bo@cedev.de>
Tested-by: Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org>
Tested-by: Andreas Kienast <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>
Reviewed-by: Oliver Bartsch <bo@cedev.de>
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Reviewed-by: Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org>