[BUGFIX] Improve and clean up Composer asset publishing

The `PackageArtifactBuilder` takes care of publishing
`Resources/Public/...` directories of installed TYPO3 extensions
into the public directory.

In case this publishing fails, now a warning message is
presented, so that action can be taken.
Now also an info message is shown, when an extension does not
have a Resources/Public directory. This message is only shown
with increased verbosity, since this can be intentionally like so.

Further cleanup is preformed and code that does not apply any more
since composer installers v5 is required, is removed.

Last but not least, asset publishing is now decoupled into
a dedicated method, that receives installed packages as input
and returns resulting messages as output.

Future refactoring of the publishing code into a distinct
class is kept for a future change.

Resolves: #103898
Releases: main, 12.4

Change-Id: I6636a024490a0cb3c5e77f6f935f63094035d489
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/84759


Tested-by: Georg Ringer <georg.ringer@gmail.com>
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Reviewed-by: Georg Ringer <georg.ringer@gmail.com>