[TASK] Use mssql-2017-cu17

docker-compose is updated to use the latest cumulative update (cu) of
MSSQL 2017.

Since mssql is probably still eager to fail, its stages are executed at
last in the nightly builds now.

Resolves: #89826
Releases: master, 9.5, 8.7
Change-Id: Ic1e8195f9b4f90747b5843d03630fd453ebe0bc6
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/62511


Tested-by: Anja Leichsenring <aleichsenring@ab-softlab.de>
Reviewed-by: Anja Leichsenring <aleichsenring@ab-softlab.de>