[BUGFIX] Correctly apply Extbase-validator-options / Add tests

* Check supplied options
* Apply default-values of validator if needed
* Check for required options
* Provide options via constructor instead of via setOptions()
  (which is deprecated)
* Add tests for AbstractValidator and AbstractCompositeValidator

Change-Id: I02c72eff93125a002d57e23710b954c44cc84465
Resolves: #52208
Releases: 6.0, 6.1, 6.2
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/24010
Reviewed-by: Anja Leichsenring
Tested-by: Anja Leichsenring
Reviewed-by: Pascal Dürsteler
Tested-by: Pascal Dürsteler
Reviewed-by: Stefan Neufeind
Tested-by: Stefan Neufeind