[BUGFIX] Harden LocalizationUtility with empty arguments

To avoid exceptions if arguments are given but
empty, an additional check is added in extbase
LocalizationUtility, plus the default in
f:translate is changed back to the same 'null'
value as in v11.

Resolves: #98924
Related: #96473
Releases: main, 11.5
Change-Id: Idd08f7b948eb504999a80a215a7ded64f3c648a0
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/76269


Tested-by: Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org>
Tested-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Tested-by: Georg Ringer <georg.ringer@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Anja Leichsenring <aleichsenring@ab-softlab.de>
Reviewed-by: Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org>
Reviewed-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>
Reviewed-by: Georg Ringer <georg.ringer@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Oliver Klee <typo3-coding@oliverklee.de>
Reviewed-by: Anja Leichsenring <aleichsenring@ab-softlab.de>