[TASK] Replace prophecy in EXT:core ExpressionBuilderTest

Note, that the argument usage in callback return functions had
to be adjusted. Also, mocking of the `quote` function for sqlite
tests had to be adapted to match the actual amount of consecutive
calls.

Resolves: #98805
Releases: main
Change-Id: I95e4fb1941292cff7dcf6f4616c2eb768e17c43d
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/76641


Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Tested-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>
Reviewed-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>
Tested-by: Stefan Bürk <stefan@buerk.tech>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Bürk <stefan@buerk.tech>