[TASK] Split `Storage` module

The `Storage` RequireJS module is split into `Storage/Client` and
`Storage/Persistent`. The `Storage` module itself is marked as deprecated
and any occurrence is migrated to use the new modules.

Resolves: #82603
Releases: master
Change-Id: Ie4bbb2ac3c1801b15531f0b71e35507c8ed03f06
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/54240


Tested-by: TYPO3com <no-reply@typo3.com>
Reviewed-by: Frank Naegler <frank.naegler@typo3.org>
Tested-by: Frank Naegler <frank.naegler@typo3.org>
Reviewed-by: Wouter Wolters <typo3@wouterwolters.nl>
Reviewed-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>
Tested-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>