[TASK] Declare TypeScript types for global TYPO3 object

Missing declarations caused some method calls
and assignments to not be type checked, as all
members of the (top.|window.)TYPO3 object were
declared to `any`.
This actually revealed some invalid API usage.
which is fixed as a drive-by. (No real bugs were found,
as type checking in the APIs caught/ignored such cases)

Resolves: #101644
Releases: main, 12.4
Change-Id: I2e188e53a02d9e0ae875084cadc28600c7a59aa6
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/80502


Reviewed-by: Benjamin Franzke <ben@bnf.dev>
Tested-by: Benjamin Franzke <ben@bnf.dev>
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>