[TASK] Bump the Doctrine dependencies

Used commands:

> composer req -W doctrine/annotations:^1.13.3 doctrine/dbal:^3.3.7 \
  doctrine/event-manager:^1.1.1
> composer req doctrine/annotations:^1.13.3 doctrine/dbal:^3.3.7 \
  doctrine/event-manager:^1.1.1 -d typo3/sysext/core --no-update
> composer req doctrine/dbal:^3.3.7 -d typo3/sysext/install --no-update
> composer req doctrine/dbal:^3.3.7 -d typo3/sysext/redirects --no-update

Also make use of a Doctrine-DBAL-provided PHPStan/Psalm type to satisfy
the required types for the new DBAL version.

Resolves: #97956
Releases: main
Change-Id: Ia193947df78c67c60f5861ca1f9912eacbf5b980
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/75204


Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Tested-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>
Tested-by: Stefan Bürk <stefan@buerk.tech>
Reviewed-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Bürk <stefan@buerk.tech>