[TASK] Remove jQuery usages in EXT:dashboard

Two usages of jQuery are removed in EXT:dashboard. jQuery was only used
to convert a string containing HTML to a jQuery object to be able to
render markup in the DOM.

Resolves: #98165
Releases: main
Change-Id: I54c1f6f2a99a7ccfe63c95e5b2ab84afc7451ff9
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/75489


Tested-by: Benjamin Franzke <bfr@qbus.de>
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Tested-by: Frank Nägler <frank.naegler@typo3.com>
Tested-by: Andreas Fernandez <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>
Reviewed-by: Benjamin Franzke <bfr@qbus.de>
Reviewed-by: Frank Nägler <frank.naegler@typo3.com>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Fernandez <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>