[BUGFIX] Correctly apply Extbase validator options and add tests

* Check supplied options
* Apply default-values of validator if needed
* Check for required options
* Provide options via constructor instead of via setOptions()
  (which is deprecated)
* Add tests for AbstractValidator and AbstractCompositeValidator

Resolves: #52208
Resolves: #57164
Releases: 6.2, 6.1
Change-Id: I589a30bea74144eed51948ecad3143ab145c958f
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/28938
Reviewed-by: Marc Bastian Heinrichs
Tested-by: Marc Bastian Heinrichs
Reviewed-by: Pascal Dürsteler
Tested-by: Pascal Dürsteler
Reviewed-by: Stefan Neufeind
Tested-by: Stefan Neufeind