[TASK] Migrate from jQuery in `@typo3/scheduler/scheduler`

This patch removes jQuery from the `@typo3/scheduler/scheduler` module
in favor of native APIs.

Extra fields are now hidden via the `hidden` attribute and not via CSS
styling anymore.

Resolves: #101619
Releases: main, 12.4
Change-Id: Ida87f82cde264785c8cd5b0d3619304bc6dfadfc
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/80478


Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Tested-by: Andreas Fernandez <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Fernandez <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>