[TASK] Update PHPStan and friends

This change updates phpstan and related
libraries to available maximum versions.

The new version finds two `array_filter`
usages with wrong typeing, which is fixed
along the way.

Used command(s):

> composer require --dev \
    "phpstan/phpstan":"^1.10.57" \
    "phpstan/phpdoc-parser":"^1.25.0" \
    "phpstan/phpstan-phpunit":"^1.3.15"

> Build/Scripts/runTests.sh -s phpstan

Resolves: #102920
Releases: main, 12.4
Change-Id: Iab6a0a079ff745b5bdbedf9b15a3bf9c7f83c171
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/82640


Tested-by: Andreas Kienast <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>
Reviewed-by: Anja Leichsenring <aleichsenring@ab-softlab.de>
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Tested-by: Anja Leichsenring <aleichsenring@ab-softlab.de>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Kienast <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>