[BUGFIX] Forward-compatible prepared statement support

doctrine/dbal:^3.2 changed return type of result for QueryBuilder
execute methods, no longer have used prepared statement accessible
for further query execution with other placeholder values.

To raise doctrine/dbal:^3.2 two places have been changed to reuse
the QueryBuilder instance itself instead of prepared statement with
the corresponding patch #96287, thus given up the performance gain
through reusable query execution plan in corresponding dbms systems.

This patch adds support for prepared statements to TYPO3's
QueryBuilder facade as this was not publicly available yet
for TYPO3 users to be forward-compatible with Doctrine DBAL 3.

Resolves: #96393
Related: #96287
Releases: main
Change-Id: I814670ebf9920ed3162a31f98ad9efd4031f47c9
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/72610


Tested-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Tested-by: Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org>
Reviewed-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>
Reviewed-by: Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org>