[TASK] Update TypeScript and friends, September 2023

This patch updates `typescript` to 5.2 and `@typescript-eslint` packages
to 6.6. Updating `@typescript-eslint` revealed a broken condition in
the `@typo3/backend/viewport/navigation-container` module that is now
removed.

Executed command:

    npm install --save-dev \
        @typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin@^6.6.0 \
        @typescript-eslint/parser@^6.6.0 \
        @typescript-eslint/typescript-estree@^6.6.0 \
        typescript@~5.2.2

Resolves: #101864
Releases: main, 12.4
Change-Id: I7fd1e5997b6b19124d8fcac8402db79d3fd05f6d
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/80890


Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Tested-by: Andreas Fernandez <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Fernandez <a.fernandez@scripting-base.de>