[TASK] Update jasmine and remove old launchers

This patch updates jasmine to the current version 4.4.0. This mainly
impacts performance and dropped support for outdated environments and
browsers.

Karma is also updated and in the same run, unused launchers are removed.

Executed commands:

    npm install --save-dev \
        @types/jasmine@^4.3.0 \
        jasmine-core@^4.4.0 \
        karma@^6.4.1 \
        karma-chrome-launcher@^3.1.1 \
        karma-coverage@^2.2.0 \
        karma-jasmine@^5.1.0 \
        karma-junit-reporter@^2.0.1 \
        karma-rollup-preprocessor@^7.0.8

    npm remove \
        karma-firefox-launcher \
        karma-ie-launcher \
        karma-opera-launcher \
        karma-safari-launcher

Resolves: #98922
Releases: main
Change-Id: Id879aca002de72825d20a9b07ff1bf3a78f95057
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/76266


Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Tested-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>
Tested-by: Benjamin Franzke <bfr@qbus.de>
Reviewed-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>
Reviewed-by: Benjamin Franzke <bfr@qbus.de>