[TASK] Stabilize acceptance installer tests

The 'heavy lifting' parts like db init and first frontend
call can be quite slow in the 'installer' tests. We raise
timeouts to stabilize them.
This patch mostly targets v10 since the bootstrap package
related tests are currently off in master.

Change-Id: I82425ab2cabfea9746aed7a7a49134f9e2ad497e
Resolves: #93737
Releases: master, 10.4
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/68391


Tested-by: TYPO3com <noreply@typo3.com>
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Tested-by: Anja Leichsenring <aleichsenring@ab-softlab.de>
Tested-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>
Reviewed-by: Anja Leichsenring <aleichsenring@ab-softlab.de>
Reviewed-by: Christian Kuhn <lolli@schwarzbu.ch>